| Botanical Name | Allium cepa |
| Appearance | Bulbous, with a brown, red, or white skin, and white or yellow flesh |
| Odor | Strong, pungent, characteristic |
| Taste | Pungent, sharp, slightly sweet when cooked |
| Moisture Content | 80-90% (approx.) |
| Bulk Density | 0.6-0.8 g/cm³ |
| Size | Varies from small to large, typically 5-8 cm in diameter |
| Shape | Globular or slightly flattened |
| Color | Brown, red, or white (depending on the variety) |
| Outer Skin | Dry, papery, and typically golden, red, or white |
| Inner Flesh | White or off-white, with thin layers |
| Foreign Matter | 1% (max) |
| Damage or Defects | 2% (max) |